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The first file, test_xt_28637.log, logs the creation of this external table. The dump file test_xt.dmp contains the data from the table. You are creating the external table test_xt as an external table. The table structure and data both come from the regular Oracle table scott.dept. If you wish, you can then use this dump file in the same database or a different database to load other tables. Note that you must create the default directory (ext_data_dir) beforehand for this external table creation statement to succeed. The CTAS method of table creation will load the data from the scott.dept table into the new external table dept_xt. The CTAS command simply stores the table data in the external file called dept_xt_dmp. Thus, the external table is really composed of proprietary format, operating system independent flat files. You can also use the ORACLE_DATAPUMP access loader to extract Oracle table data into multiple files, as shown here: SQL> CREATE TABLE extract_cust ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL (TYPE ORACLE_DATAPUMP DEFAULT DIRECTORY ext_data_dir ACCESS PARAMETERS (NOBADFILE NOLOGFILE) LOCATION ('extract_cust1.exp', 'extract_cust2.exp', 'extract_cust3.exp', 'extract_cust4.exp')) PARALLEL 4 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED AS SELECT c.*, co.country_name, co.country_subregion, co.country_region FROM customers c, countries co where co.country_id=c.country_id; The PARALLEL parameter will speed up the data unloading to the four data files. Note that the number of files you specify sets a limit on the degree of parallelization. For example, if you specify PARALLEL=8 and specify only four files, the degree of parallelism would be four, not eight.

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Once you create a new external table by populating an external file with data from an Oracle table, you can query the new table as you would any normal Oracle table. For example, the external table you created, test_xt, would show you the same data as a query on the original table (scott.dept). Here s the query: SQL> SELECT * FROM test_xt; The user samalapati is listed as the owner for this new table test_xt, as shown here: SQL> SELECT owner FROM dba_tables WHERE table_name='TEST_XT'; OWNER ----------SAMALAPATI Note that as in the case of the original external tables in Oracle9i, you can only select from an external table. You also cannot insert, delete, or update data in an external table. Therefore, the term writable external tables applies in only a limited sense you can write to the external tables only when you initially create them. Otherwise, external tables in Oracle Database 10g continue to be read-only tables, as in Oracle9i. Here is an example of what would happen if you attempted to insert

This procedure can be used to rotate log files. For example, you may have an application for which you would like to keep one week s worth of log information. You would then rotate it to an older version to keep up to one month. After a month, you would delete the file. One solution includes the logrotate command, which is part of multiple Linux distributions. The following is a simple script that copies the existing log file to a backup with a version number and then zeroes out the file. During the time the script is being run, any existing processes that are writing to the file can still access it. The code first defines the file in question and then checks whether it exists. If it does exist, execution continues.

SQL> INSERT INTO test_xt (product_id) VALUES (222222); INSERT INTO test_xt * ERROR at line 1: ORA-30657: operation not supported on external organized table SQL> You would get similar error messages if you tried a DELETE or UPDATE operation. Also note that when you use the external tables feature to extract table data to a file, you export only the data. You can t export metadata using external tables. If you wish to extract the metadata for any object, just use DBMS_METADATA, as shown here: SET LONG 2000 SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','EXTRACT_CUST') FROM DUAL;

$ passwd Changing password for salapati Old password: New password: $ pwd /u01/app/oracle $ $ uname -a HP-UX prod5 B.11.00 190 two-user license $

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If you are curious about who else besides you is slogging away on the system, you can find out with the who command. This command provides you with a list of all the users currently logged into the system. The whoami command indicates who you are logged in as. This may seem trivial, but as a DBA, there will be times when you could be logged into the system using any one of several usernames. It s good to know who exactly you are at a given point in time, in order to prevent the execution of commands that may not be appropriate, such as deleting files or directories. The example shown here indicates that you are logged in as user Oracle, who is the owner of Oracle software running on the UNIX system.

You ve already seen the use of the redirect (>) to zero a file. The main addition to this idea here is the cp -p command.

$ who salapati rhudson lthomas dcampbel dfarrell $ whoami oracle $ pts/0 pts/1 pts/3 pts/7 pts/16 Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov 8 8 9 8 5 08:31 09:04 15:54 16:27 07:00

XYZHandle xyzHandle; // implicitly dereferenced variable => destruction code generated ... other objects referenced here do not suffer from graph promotion ... public: XYZConnection() { xyzHandle.Handle = ::XYZConnect(); } double GetData() { HXYZ h = this->xyzHandle.Handle; if (h == 0) throw gcnew ObjectDisposedException("XYZConnection"); double retVal = ::XYZGetData(h); GC::KeepAlive(this); return retVal; } };